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Similar to an iceberg, the Hywind wind turbines are stabilised by the structure below the water’s surface. The Distributed Buoyancy Modules (DMB’s) which allow for such stability were originally developed for use in the oil and gas industry. The floating structures weigh 5,300 tonnes, and are 165 metres tall, 100 metres of which remains below the surface.
Following the successful testing of the prototypes in Norway, the company is searching for potential wind farm sites in which between three to five turbines will be floated. Talks with the Scottish Development International and Marine Scotland are thought to be at an advanced stage, as feasibility studies have already been undertaken at potential sites.
It is thought that a final decision will be made in 2011 with regards to the decided location: Statoil are currently investigating sites in several countries, including Norway and the USA.
The success of a floating turbine would lead to dramatically reduced wind-farm costs, as the foundations for ordinary wind turbine foundations often account for a large portion of the deployment expense. The financial ramifications are not the main purpose of the project however; according to Statoil, the primary intention is the experimentation of the effect of wind and waves on the structure of the turbine.
Once such logistical questions have been sufficiently resolved, the concept will then be commercialised, with the reduced costing allowing for the competition of the Hywind wind turbines on the energy market.
Statoil is believed to be investing approximately NOK 400 million (almost £41 million) in the Hywind project, including the research and development as well as the construction work.
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Ballast is something heavy that is used to hold things down or keep them in place. It can be bags of sand, rocks, lead, and even water. Ballast is very important in ships. If a ship is too light, the wind and waves make it bob around like a cork. So when it is not fully loaded, ballast is placed in its bottom. Balloons use ballast to give the balloonist more control. The ballast is usually bags of sand or water hanging over the side of the balloon. When the balloonist wants to rise higher, he drops some ballast. Racing cars use ballast.
The engine at the front is so heavy that weight must be carried at the rear to keep it down. Submarines use water as ballast. When a submarine is about to dive under water, the sailors let seawater enter special tanks. This makes the submarine heavier, and it sinks in the same way a floating bottle sinks when it is filled with water. The water is pumped out when the submarine is about to rise. This makes it lighter and able to float to the surface. Many ships that use oil as fuel (as most ships of the United States Navy and other navies do) are built so that sea water can be pumped into their oil tanks after the oil from those tanks has been used.
During World War II, some destroyers that had empty oil tanks, and that were waiting to take on more fuel from oil tankers, sank while they were waiting, because they did not have enough ballast. Rock ballast is used to weight down the wooden crossties on railroad tracks. If they were not weighted, a heavy train clanking along the tracks at high speed, and swaying from side to side, could shift the ties and move the tracks.
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Are you tired of this Earth? Is your heart heavy with regret and fear that this world may be destroyed without a fight then what are you doing? Stop air polluting! If you say that you are only a mere normal person and there is nothing much that you can do then you are mistaken. The effort to make this world a clean and better place to live in must come from you.
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Yes, we humans are the major contributors to air pollution. There is nothing else that we can do but to do our part in battling air pollution. Let us start with ourselves. Here are some things that we can do.
1) Plant more trees and plants. In this way you are trying to do your part in clearing the air. 2) Stop smoking. Yes, it is not only for your health but for the environment. 3) Try to commute rather than riding in your own car, if you can walk your way to your destination then well and good. 4) Do thing manually. Try to lessen the use of your electronics and appliances. Less energy consumed the better. 5) Don’t use chemicals, sprays, pesticides and other harmful liquids.
6) try to eat foods which are produced locally, you can save much energy. 7) Put off the light when they are not in use. Make sure that electricity is not wasted. 
Practice the 3R’s, reduce, reuse and recycle. 9) Use alternative energy like wind and solar. 10) If you can afford buying a hybrid car the better.
Stop air polluting with these ways mentioned. Do it now and do your part for the environment. Make this world a better place to live in. Air pollution must be stop now, not tomorrow or the weeks to come.
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This author writes about What Causes Air Pollution at Carbon Effort.
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